CNC Machining - Turning

Turning is a lathe machining process. Lathe machining mainly uses turning tools to turn the rotating workpiece. On the lathe, drills, reamers, reamers, taps, dies and knurling tools can also be used for corresponding processing. Lathes are mainly used to process shafts, discs, sleeves and other workpieces with revolving surfaces, and are the most widely used type of machine tool in machinery manufacturing and repair factories.

How it works: The workpiece rotates, and the turning tool moves in a straight line or a curve in the plane. Turning is generally carried out on a lathe to process the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, end surfaces, conical surfaces, forming surfaces and threads of the workpiece.

(picture from google)

During turning processing, if the turning tool rotates in the same direction with the workpiece at the corresponding speed ratio (the tool speed is generally several times the workpiece speed) while the workpiece is rotating, the relative motion trajectory of the turning tool and the workpiece can be changed, and the machining Workpieces with polygonal cross-sections (triangular, square, prismatic, hexagonal, etc.). A cam or other surface with a non-circular section can be machined if a periodic radial reciprocating motion is added to the tool holder for each revolution relative to the workpiece while the turning tool is fed longitudinally. On the shovel tooth lathe, the flank surface of the teeth of some multi-tooth tools (such as forming milling cutters and gear hob cutters) can be processed according to a similar working principle, which is called "shovel back".

Process features: 

1. It is easy to ensure the positional accuracy of each machining surface of the workpiece.

a - Easy to ensure the coaxiality requirements.

Use the chuck to install the workpiece, the rotation axis is the rotation axis of the lathe spindle.

Use the front and rear centers to install the workpiece, and the rotation axis is the center line of the two centers.

b - It is easy to ensure the perpendicularity between the end face and the axis. The perpendicularity between the horizontal slide guide and the axis of rotation of the workpiece is required.

2. The cutting process is relatively stable, avoiding inertial force and impact force, allowing the use of larger cutting amount and high-speed cutting, which is conducive to the improvement of productivity.

3. Suitable for finishing of non-ferrous metal parts.

When the surface roughness of non-ferrous metal parts is large and the Ra value is small, it is not suitable to use grinding, but turning or milling is required. High quality can be achieved when fine turning with diamond turning tools.